Case Study For Health and Addictive Behaviour Psychology Essay

Case Study For Health and Addictive Behaviour Psychology - Essay Example It is estimated that about 2.6million people suffer from this condition in the UK (Diabetes UK, 2010). There are basically 2 types of diabetes mellitus and they are type-1 and type-2. In type-1 DM, the onset is in young age like childhood, adolescence or even early adulthood. It occurs due to absolute deficiency of insulin as a result of destruction of the beta-cells in the pancreas. On the other hand, type-2 DM occurs mainly in adults, especially in older people and is mainly predisposed by several factors including sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Type-2 accounts for more than 85 percent cases of diabetes (Diabetes UK, 2010). Hereditary factors play an important role in this type of diabetes, either due to genetic predisposition or due to similar behavioral patterns in the families like sedentary lifestyle and eating habits. DM-2 occurs due to a combination of decreased secretion of beta cells in the pancreas and increased peripheral resistance to insulin at tissue-receptor level ( Votey, 2005). DM-2 is the most common type of diabetes. It is managed by pharmacotherapy and appropriate diet and exercise. Diet and exercise have a major role to play in the treatment of diabetes-2. Adam was diagnosed with diabetes type-2 9 months ago. He has been advised to control his blood sugar levels with appropriate diet and exercise, rather than initiating antidiabetic medications. Antihypoglycemic therapy is initiated only when it is not possible to control diabetes through diet and exercise (Diabetes UK, 2010). It is very important to treat and control diabetes because of the notorious complications associated with it. Adam is obese and has been advised to reduce his weight. The main defect in diabetes type-2 is the inability of the tissues to respond to insulin. There is also decreased production of insulin by pancreas. Both these amount to increased glucose levels in the blood, known as hyperglycemia. An important causative factor is obesity. This is more so when obesity is more around the waist, known as central obesity (Votey, 2005). Obesity leads to decreased resistance of tissues to insulin. The fatty acid and triglyceride levels are high and these further interfere with insulin signaling. Another important aspect in obesity which influences the development of diabetes is dysregulation of the secretion of adipokine which is a hormone that causes peripheral resistance to insulin and contributes to the development of diabetes. Thus, obesity has a major role to play in the development of the most common form of diabetes, type-2 diabetes. 1.2 Complications of Diabetes Diabetes leads to increased catabolism and decreased anabolism. After reaching the renal threshold level of 180mg per dl, glucosuria occurs. This contributes to polyuria and polydipsia. Decreased levels of glucose in the cells contributes to delay in the healing of the wounds and also development of recurrent infections. it also causes lipolysis for generation of energy. Lipolysis cau ses an increase in the free fatty acid levels whih are taken up by the liver. Metabolism of free fatty acids in the liver yields ketone bodies, hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid. As the production of ketone bodies increases, metabolic acidosis ensues, resulting in dehydration. Infact, in many cases, diabetic ketoacidosis is the first presentation and it can turn fata due to development of cerebral edema. Increased lipolysis can

State v. Wong (1994), 95 Ohio App. 3d 39 Case Study

State v. Wong (1994), 95 Ohio App. 3d 39 - Case Study Example erdict, on the account of insanity, but these possibilities were quickly eradicated, after two psychologists declined to testify that she might not have been sane on the day of the felony, The Appellant had sent a letter to her husband, threatening him, which illustrated the lack of sanity from the Appellant. The drugs and alcohol influence she was under in combination with the medication she had consumed could have also altered her reasoning and the claim by her daughter that she was â€Å"unwell† during the 911 call is an indication of the possibility that she was not sane while committing the felony. Dr. Jackson asserted that the appellant suffered from a paranoid delusional disorder and could have been under the disorder’s influence during the committing of the crime. The ignored these claims, returning the guilty verdict on all counts back into place. The court ended up sentencing her to fifteen to forty years in a state penitentiary, 12 years for each count of felony done, one year on every count of vandalism and did not sentence her on the gun specification count. These sentences were to run concurrently. The lack of consent of the letter, throughout the trial was unfair and unjust on Wong’s case, but the verdict passed was a bit considerate to that passed by the lower courts. Lack of consideration of the doctors insights was also vaguely

Pe pep on swimming Essay Example for Free

Pe pep on swimming Essay have chosen the activity swimming because I am very interested in it. I have been doing it since early primary school and have continued onto now the end of secondary school. I think that it is the sport I no most about and I am most interested in doing. I swim in school and also out, I have progressed through out the years in my level of performance and I believe completing a personal exercise programme will improve my performance in all areas even more to a higher level. I have swam with people at higher standards than myself and also lower. I have been swimming for 12 years and it has developed to become one of my favourite physical activities. This has included watching England swim and participating with high level people my self. I personally enjoy this sport so much because of the techniques needed. It is a very exciting activity and does need a lot of taking part. Your body has to be thinking in different ways and working at high standards. I like the involvement that is expected from you in training sessions and the exciting in races and competitions. It is an individual activity and you must focus on you and only. I dont just like to swim I also take part by swimming very frequently. I previously swam for the school team and have also took part in outside of school teams. I would also like to now proceed further into swimming and sign on to a local team. This will hopefully help me to become a stronger swimmer as I will be around others with a lot of skill and devotion. I have training once or twice a week and competition come up quite often. My most preferred lane when racing is the outside left lane To be successful in Swimming   A swimmer needs to have the following qualities and components of fitness as with out these they wont be able to play up to the standards of the other competators and this is essential to win.Another one of my strong components would be agility. I believe coming out strong in half of my tests is a good because then I can focus on the other three and hopefully improve my performance in swimming. I have pointed out my weak areas and they are speed endurance and especially strength. I think strength is my main area that I need to work on. Even though the other components relate into swimming more this area still needs improving on to make my swimming standards higher.  I have decided I am going to use the school fitness suite at least three times a week for five weeks. This is as well as doing my usually training and sports. I am going to start of by building up my body on a cardiovascular machine. This would be a bike, a treadmill, a steeper machine, or a cross trainer. I will start on the first day by completing 10 minutes on a medium speed and then push my self to the faster level my body will take me for the last two minutes. I will then go onto another cardio vascular machine mentioned above different machine to what I started on and complete 10 minutes on a medium speed and also in the remaining two minutes push my body to the limit.  As I am working on me strength I am going to focus on the weight machines in my arms. The more power I can build up in my arms the stronger my strokes will become. I am going to start at around 20 reps per machine. I am going to begin my weight work out by using an arm weight machine then changing to my legs then finishing once again on an arm. This is making me work more on arm machines which will hopefully lead to an improvement in my weak area. I will then end each session by warming my body down once again on a cardiovascular machine. One of which I listed earlier. I will start by working on a steady speed for 10 minutes and then pushing the speed to the highest my can take for five minutes. I will go up a km each 40 seconds until my body reaches the limit.  Each time I go into the fitness suite I am going to build on my goal. On my first session the work out plan will be what I have explained above. Then the following I will add more reps and more machines. This is to push my body gradually to the limit. This will also help on my endurance because I am pushing my body more and more each time making myself work harder and for longer periods of time. Training Programme.  The following is what I did in the fitness suite for five weeks. As I went in three times I week I completed the same work out in the same week. As I went in to the next week I then pushed my self harder. This was so I wasnt building up my body to fast and to prevent injury.

Comparing Housing Systems In Japan And Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay

Comparing Housing Systems In Japan And Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay Housing plays an important role in a countrys economy, typically accounting for 10 to 20 per cent of total economic activity. In addition, housing is often an individuals biggest asset. The availability of housing finance is, therefore, crucial for overall economic development as well as for a households welfare and its quality of life. With the large-scale privatization of the housing sector, a need for housing finance systems arose in the countries with economies in transition. There are many good examples of effective housing in the region. However, while policy makers have had access to information and policy advice on individual systems, there has so far not been a method for comparing them that would help to determine their suitability for a particular country. This essay is to compare and contrast the housing system of two countries. Now compare and contraction the housing system of two countries. Countries name is japan and malaysia. These two countries people how to advertise and look for housing and also discuss which types of utilities are necessary and how they are installed. structure: Japanese House Traditional japanese houses are built by erecting wooden columns on top of a flat foundation made of packed earth or stones. The frame of a japanese house is made of wood, and the weight is supported by vertical columns, horizontal beams, and diagonal braces. One thing of japanese houses is that every house has a large roof and deep eaves to protect the house from the hot summer sun. [1] The houses of common people make differently. Farmers of the country, they were made to different style. The houses built in the gassho style. [2] One common things of japanese house is that when they make their house, they have many sliding doors. Sometimes they partition their rooms. This is the style seen in modern japanese houses today. Nowadays japanese used to cover the floor of entire rooms tatami mats. As the living room, where the family dines together, they used cabinet that holds the plates and bowls. Japanese use a heated table called kotatsu. Recently, people are beginning to look anew at the traditional methods of building houses. [3] Interior Design Traditional House:- Traditional japanese housing has kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Any room can be a living room, dining room, study, or bedroom. All the furniture is portable, being stored in oshijre, a small section of the house used for storage. Modern Homes:- Housing is typically listed in real estate. Rooms format is 1r or 2ldk. R designating room, l for living room, and k for kitchen. Japanese home has genkan or entryway; it includes a small area, as the same level as the outside. Malaysian House: On the other hand japanese and malaysian housing system are mostly different. Malaysian housing system is shown: The traditional malaysian housing process is highly autonomous, largely controlled by the user. Guided by building tradition and the village carpenter, the owner-builder designs a house that is uniquely suited to the familys socioeconomic and cultural situation. Not only does the traditional approach foster a better match of house to user, it keeps the cost down by eliminating the need for professional intermediaries such as architects or developers.   Self-help and cooperative labor are the resources upon which the owner-builder relies. The traditional malaysian house has an open interior, promoting good cross ventilation and lighting and allowing the space to be used for many purposes depending on the season, occasion, or time of day.   Since most activities take place on the floor, the need for furniture is minimal; bedding materials and sleeping mats are rolled up and stored during the day to eliminate the need for separate living and sleeping quarters. Interior spaces are defined, not by partitions or walls, but rather by changes in floor level; they may be respected or ignored, allowing the house to accommodate larger numbers of people than usual during, for example, feasts.   Malay houses  are traditional dwellings, originating before the arrival of foreign or modern influences, and constructed by the indigenous  ethnic malay  and  orangasli  peoples of the  malay peninsula  and their related bumiputra tribes of  east malaysia. [4] Using renewable  natural materials  including timber and  bamboo, the dwellings are often built without the use of metal including nails. Instead pre-cut holes and grooves are used to fit the timber elements into one another, effectively making it a prefabricated house. In sarawak and sabah  rattan  ropes were used to fasten bamboo pieces together. Although nails had been invented and in later houses used minimally for non-structural elements (for example, windows or panels), structural flexibility was a benefit which nailing inhibited. Without nails, a timber house could be dismantled and reconstructed in a new location. A traditional malay timber house usually in two parts: the main house called  rumah ibu  in honour of the mother (ibu) and the simpler  rumah dapur  or kitchen annex, which was separated from the main house for fire protection. Proportion was important to give the house a  human scale. The  rumah ibu  was named after the spacing between stilts which are said to typically follow the arms-spread width of the wife and mother in the family of the house when being built. At least one raised veranda (serambi) is attached to the house for seated work or relaxation, or where non-familiar visitors would be entertained, thus preserving the privacy of the interior. Venetian interior design or also known as cultured architecture is based on the famous city. Houses with such design usually showcase collected pieces and ornaments from around the world. Shelves are filled with vintage books and quirky items found in flea market and thrift stores. Paintings and murals displaying scenes from the city can be added to the interior to provide venetian vibe. [5] Interior Design Traditional House:- A traditional malay timber house usually in two parts. The main house called ruman lbu in honour. And second part is called ruman dapur or kitchen annex. One veranda is attached to the house. Summary: In this two countries, japan and malaysians houses are most different. Japanese house is made of wood. On the other hand malaysian house is made of bamboo. Japanese house structure and malaysian house structure is not same. Japanese houses built in the gassho style but malaysian houses built in the rumah ibu  and rumah dapur  or Kitchens annex style. How People Advertise And Look For Housing Buying A House: When buying a house Japanese people, see the newspaper, magazine, Real Estate Company, internet. First-home buyers usually visit a few properties before making a final decision and this can be a test for the memory, so take a digital camera and a pen and paper. Take photos and notes about the features, colours and negative and positive points of each residence. Then, when reviewing the properties in the comfort of your home, tick them off against your wish-list. There are some tried and tested things you should check for on the inside of the house. Mainly you want to identify anything that might be an extra cost, ranging from minor replacements to serious structural work. Here are a few nasty surprises to keep an eye out for: Turn the taps on in the kitchen, bathroom and laundry to check the water pressure, performance and drainage. Check for dirty water. You might like to leave the tap running for a minute and it cant hurt to drink the water for a taste test. Check the hot water system. Is it big enough for your needs? A family will need more hot water than a couple. Also check for leaks, rust and age. Replacing a busted hot water system can be expensive and is not the sort of thing you can put off. If it is gas, check for the systems last servicing. Bathrooms often have mould. Mould cant just be painted over. A serious problem will usually involve installing a new ceiling/wall and better ventilation. [6] Rent A House: Japanese people when rent a house they advertise newspaper, internet and many other ways. Here some ways to advertise rent a house in japans:- To rent an apartment in Japan, would-be tenants visit real estate agents located in every neighborhood and browse through copies of apartments for rent. These usually have the layout of the apartment for rent and the costs to rent this apartment. If would be tenant is interested in a particular apartment, the agent contacts the landlord to see if the apartment is still available and whether a visit could be arranged. Typically, a renter cannot rent an apartment on her or his own, but is required to have a guarantor who promises to pay the rent if problems arise. Traditionally, japanese  landlords  collect both a damage deposit and key money before the renter takes occupancy, and the real estate agent is also paid a months rent for services provided. Key money is a non-refundable payment to the landlord. In major cities like tokyo and osaka, key money is often a major investment in itself: up to six months rent in many cases. In recent years many landlords have begun demanding smaller amounts of key money, equal to two or three months rent or none at all. An industry of no-deposit apartments, called  monthly mansion  and  weekly mansion, has also sprouted up in major cities: these generally charge higher rents than traditional leases, and may offer some hotel-style amenities such as linen service. In tokyo, a typical rental agreement is for one year. Each year, this agreement is re-negotiated, and the renter pays an additional months rent as a fee. In many other cities, however, the one-year agreement is regarded simply as a minimum length of stay, and the rent does not change over the years. [7] Malaysia:- Buying Property Apartments/condominiums-of course, like most countries, apartments and condominiums are readily available all over malaysia for expects looking to buy property. With choices from small one-bedroom apartments to huge five or six bedroom condominiums, in kuala lumpur, smaller towns or even beach side places like langkawi and sarawak, theres an apartment for every taste. Prices for apartments and condominiums in malaysia too tend to be cheaper than in thailand and, of course, in singapore and hong kong. Semi-detached houses one of the popular types of residential property in malaysia are semi-detached houses. These are two houses built side by side, and connected on one side of the house. Cheaper than detached houses, they still offer a large space, and often huge gardens and back yards. Semi-detached houses do sometimes have noise issues as, sharing an adjoining wall; you can often hear your neighbors. If you get noisy ones, this can be a stressor, so make sure you know what youre letting yourself in for before buying and check the neighborhood (and next door neighbors!) Carefully. Bungalows detached houses, bungalows in malaysia are often designed like a traditional malaysia house. They are usually built in a compound'(basically means a wall surrounds the entire property), so you get a lot more privacy and security. Unlike a typical bungalow in the west, which is only one storey, bungalows in malaysia are technically just the name of a single-family homes and can be one, two or three-storey styles. Terraced houses terraced houses are all connected one to another in a row. If you can purchase one at the end of a row, theyre not much different than a semi-detached house but, if you do choose a terraced house, are aware youll have two neighbors with homes directly attached to yours. Terraced houses are a cheaper option for buying property in malaysia though. Just make sure theyre built to correct building code and check on fire provisions as, if a fire starts in one unit, it is possible for it to spread through every house on the terrace. Traditional shop houses shop houses are a stereotypical asian building and are found in most asian countries. These, again, are a row of terraced houses but with one major difference. The ground floor is usually, or has been, a space where a shop is operated. Theyre actually the in thing in many asian cities nowadays, with people buying them for the cool factor and then renovating them to thoroughly modern and beautiful homes. Malaysia also has many brand new shop houses, already built to the cool standard, all over the country that expects can buy. [8] renting property It is relatively cheap to rent a house or apartment in malaysia, except in central kuala lumpur where rental prices are higher. A wide range of properties are available, including large detached houses (known as bungalows), semi-detached and terraced houses, and apartments and condominiums. Condominiums are a popular choice among expatriates as they offer good security and a wide range of facilities often including a swimming pool, gymnasium, playground and tennis courts (see currency and cost of living section for typical kl rental prices). Some of the most popular areas of kuala lumpur for expatriate residence include kenny hills, damansara heights, and the city end of jalan ampang, bukit kiara, ampang, bangsar baru and taman tun dr. Ismail. Given the kl traffic congestion, it is important to choose a location carefully in relation to place of employment and, if needed, an international school. Furnished, semi-furnished and unfurnished properties are all widely available for rent, and can be found via the real estate agents who are numerous in urban areas and advertise in the local or national press. Some expatriate websites also advertise rental properties in their classifieds sections. One point worthy of note is that unfurnished properties are often completely empty, without even kitchen units or a cooker. Leases are usually drawn up for yearly renewal. The standard procedure for renting a property entails: Signing a letter of offer and paying one month rent as an earnest deposit. Within 7 days, paying two months rent as a security deposit, an amount in the region of rm1000 as a utility deposit (for electricity, power etc), stamp duties and disbursements. Signing and retaining a stamped copy of the tenancy agreement. [9] Japanese people when rent or look a house they advertise newspaper, internet and many other ways. Here some ways to advertise rent a house in japans:- 4: utilities: 4.1: japan:- Japanese people use their houses in many utilities. These utilities can help their house in many ways. There are three utilities:- Heating Electricity Security Heating Space heating, rather than central heating, is normal in japanese homes. Kerosene, gas, and electric units are common. Dwellings are commonly sold and rented without heating or cooling equipment. Occupants purchase appliances and take them when they move. The simplest kerosene burner has a tank for fuel, a mantle, and a control dial. Battery-operated electric ignition is a popular step up. The next rank has an electric fan to circulate hot air through the room. Many such units feature computer control of temperature. The computer can also turn them on and off on schedule. Windows in many homes have vents to open to protect the occupants from excessive exhaust gas. Kerosene and gas units have safety features to turn off the fire and cut off the fuel supply when the heater receives a shake, whether from an accident or due to earthquake. These units also usually shut off automatically after two or three hours to prevent carbon monoxide fumes from building up while the resident is sleeping. Electricity Japanese dwellings connected to the nations power grid have 100 v ac electricity at outlets throughout the home. The line frequency is 50 hz in eastern japan, and 60 hz in the western part of the country. Service of 30 or 50 a is typical. Many domestic appliances operate properly at either frequency. Outlets resemble those formerly used in the united states (see comparison), with two vertical slots. The slots are usually of equal width and many sockets lack earthing capability. Outlets in the kitchen, toilet, and bathroom, as well as those supplied by the ceiling for air-conditioning units do usually have earthing, either in the form of an extra round hole or a covered binding post. Devices designed for use with water, such as clothes washers and heated toilet seats, often have a separate earth wire or earth pin. Adapters are readily available to convert such plugs and so allow their use in all types of sockets. Lighting equipment, like heaters, is normally the provenance of the occupant. Many homes do not include lights in the living, dining, and bedrooms. Instead, they have receptacles that provide both electrical connection and mechanical support for lighting equipment. There are four common types of ceiling connectors and these will generally also support the weight of the light fitting. Kitchens, bathrooms, corridors and genkan are likely to have built-in ceiling fixtures. Security The interphone, or intercom, is a common sight in japanese homes. It provides telephone-like connection between the interior and exterior. The doorbell is frequently part of the interphone, and when it rings, the occupant can pick up a handset to talk with the visitor before opening the door. Models with video cameras are available, but a peephole in the door is sufficient for most homes. In japan the usual custom is for visitors to wait at the gate of the house before entering, and thus in houses the interphone speaker is placed at the gate of the house rather than directly before the front door. Nowadays there is very often an electrical lock on the gate which can be controlled from inside by the home owner, and camera equipped interphones are also common. [11] 4.2: malaysia:- Malaysian people use their houses in many utilities. These utilities can help their house in many ways. There are three utilities:- 1) electricity 2) gas 3) water 1) electricity in malaysia The voltage in malaysia is 240v with a frequency of 50 hertz. In rural areas it can sometimes alternate between 220v and 240v. Malaysia uses the same 3 prong plugs as the uk does. Therefore when traveling to malaysia, take a uk adapter instead of an asia one. The electricity supply in malaysia is very good. However, be prepared for occasional power cuts. Electricity bills are received by post and can be paid at a post office or in the office of the electricity supplier. 2) gas and water The major malaysian gas supplier is gas malaysia sdn. Bhd. However, it only supplies gas in peninsular malaysia. All other regions use bottled gas. Water supply is not managed by a major supplier but by individual authorities. 3) waste collection and recycling Household waste is usually collected once a week, whereas the collection is more frequent in the condominiums. Recycling in malaysia and kuala lumpur is not as advanced as in western states, but it is on its way to improvement. Recycling casks can usually be found in many apartment buildings and condominiums, or if not available, you can bring recycling waste to the nearest recycling centre. So far, only tin cans and plastic bottles are collected for recycling. [12] 5: conclusion:- Japans and malaysian housing system are different. Japanese house is made of wood but malaysian house is made of bamboo. Japanese house advertise and malaysian house advertise are also different. Japanese people advertise their house for rent and buy, they use internet, magazine. First-home buyers usually visit a few properties before making a final decision .on the other hand, malay people check out the classifieds for available property and people looking to share flats. Japanese utilities are heating, electricity, security but malaysian utilities are electricity, gas, water. Hole of this essay; see that japanese and malaysian housing system is not same.

A Dummies Guide to Women :: Learning Education Essays

A Dummies' Guide to Women Since the beginning of time (or so it seems) the human male has been known to spend hours contemplating the complexities of the female mind. Prehistoric man would sit on his rock, hands folded against the chin, with the all too familiar look of complete confusion and bewilderment, as he tried to understand what it was exactly that the prehistoric female wanted (or perhaps how to trick her into scampering off with him to his little leaf-filled bed to reproduce). The female, on the other hand, having easily deciphered the mind of the opposite sex, could be found with a similar expression trying to figure out what was so difficult for the male species to comprehend. Why was it so easy for the female to understand the male way of thinking? For the same reason that women today have this ability: males have extremely simple, almost one track, minds! (This is besides the fact that the female is probably more intelligent than her rock-sitting opponent.) Yes, the male mind is motivated by one thing. What is it? Considering the fact that the male was the one to introduce the rest of the world to internet porn and the all-American Hooter girl, I don't think I have to actually put it in writing. No matter how hard it is for us all to admit, a male looks at the opposite sex, checks out the body, then the face, and with his prehistorically motivated mind asks, "Is she doable?" And what does the female think as she notices her opposite? The fact is that female minds are much more complex when it comes to this area. For centuries, people (you sad little males mostly) have tried to unmask the secret paths of the female mind. Predominantly, this is because fem ale views consist of well-thought out perspectives. In contrast to their male companions, females produce thoughts and actions based on emotion as well as sexual desire. This is not to say that females don't act on attraction alone, for it is quite apparent that this often happens. It is instead to say that females need emotional, as well as physical stimulation to truly be happy. However simple this ideology may seem, modern man still seems to be stuck, not on a rock, but instead on a couch, never quite understanding or accepting this explanation.

AP Essay -- essays papers

A&P In the story â€Å"A&P† by John Updike, the main character Sammy is portrayed as a typical young male. When the three young females enter the store, he is quickly distracted from his duties. As he watches the young girls move throughout the store, he describes each of their bodies in detail giving away his overwhelming sexual awareness. Sammy is so distracted by these â€Å"bathing beauties† that he rings up some old bat’s item twice and makes her angry. It is made quite evident that Sammy is finely attuned to each and every movement of these young ladies’ as they amble down each and every aisle throughout the store. Sammy’s carnal mindedness is first made apparent in the story when he describes the â€Å"chunky one† in her green, two-piece bathing suit. Sammy describes this girl as having â€Å"a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can with those two creasants of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit, at the top of the back of her legs† (Updike 369). Sammy’s hormones kick into overdrive when he sets his eyes upon this girl’s overly fleshy backside. Sammy states that he likes what he sees even though this chic is chunky and her butt is soft and wide. It is quite clear that Sammy has a fetish of some sort with big â€Å"cans† when he refers to the girl as â€Å"the plump one in plaid, that I liked better from the back-a really sweet can† (Updike 372). Next Sammy focuses his attention on the tall, black haired girl. He views this young lady as pretty but not beautiful-â€Å"the kind of girl other girls think is very â€Å"striking† and â€Å"attractive† but never quite makes it† (Updike 370). Sammy’s sexual interest in this young female is described very overtly as he states â€Å"not that as raw material she was so bad† (Updike 373... ... the towel† and follow these affluent broads. As he looks at Queenie’s breasts that he describes as â€Å"the two smoothest scoops of vanilla I had even known were there† (Updike 373), Sammy makes his final decision to quit. It is evident that he did this in hopes to impress these women by the way in which he loudly announces his resignation to the manager. This was Sammy’s last, pitiful attempt to get these rich girls to notice him and take him to their world of utopia. Sammy soon realized that these girls either did not hear what he said, or may have heard and did not give a rip or even notice that he existed. At this point, I believe he felt like an idiot. The realization of the stupidity of his action is acknowledged by Sammy at the end of the story when he states that â€Å"his stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter† (Updike 373).

Industry Analysis Chipotle Essay

The fast food, or quick service restaurant industry (QSR), represents approximately 200,000 restaurants and $155 billion in sales in the U.S. alone, they are one of the largest segments of the food industry (Hoovers, 2011). This segment of the restaurant industry is â€Å"highly competitive and fragmented†¦ number, size and strength of competitors vary by region, market and even restaurant. All of these restaurants compete based on a number of factors, including taste, quality, speed of service, price and value, name recognition, restaurant location, customer service and the ambience and condition of each restaurant† (Chipotle, 2010). The QSR industry is seeing growth due to the fact that today’s society is more strapped for time than ever. According to the American Sociological Review, â€Å"more than 50% of American families are dual earner household†¦multitasking allows parents to accomplish more within a limited amount of time† (Offer & Schneider, 2011). However, with both heads of the house working part-time or full time jobs people have less time to prepare meals and QSRs offer another way for these families to multitask and save time. In 2011 the QRS industry saw stock values beat the overall restaurant market. Bloomberg U.S. Quick-Service Restaurant Index, gained 13.5 percent while the full service restaurant index dropped by 1 percent (Wolf, 2012). Competitive Analysis  New Entrant Threat While entry into the quick service industry has low barriers (Cambrian Group, 2011) it is highly competitive and has high saturation. Only 40-50% of new entrants will survive their first year and see profits (Paiz et. al., 2011 p.4). While many of players in the QSR industry are franchises, approximately 300,000 (Franchise Direct), Chipotle operates differently. All of their locations are company owned and have relatively low start up costs (â€Å"Chipotle Mexican Grill†, 2007). Due to this Chipotle is able to grow their bottom line much quicker than new entrants into the same markets. While others may see low success rate in the first year due to start up costs, Chipotle is able to effectively generate profit and growth quickly. Rivalry In the sub-category for quick service Mexican restaurants, Chipotle competes with Qdoba, Moe’s Southwest Grill, Baja Fresh, Taco Bell and El Pollo Loco. Mexican quick service accounts for $5 billion of the $20 billion market (Cambrian Group, 2011). At the end of 2010 Taco Bell held the largest market share among Mexican QSRs with 52% of the market and 5,635 locations in the U.S. and 262 locations in 21 foreign countries (Yum! Brands, 2011). Qdoba in contrast holds locations in 42 states for a total of 583 locations (Jack in the Box, 2011). Threat of Substitutions Chipotle faces 6 major substitutes, McDonald’s, Yum! Brands, Wendy’s/Arby’s Group, Burger King, Jack in the Box (owner of Qdoba), and Doctor’s Associates Inc. (owner of Subway) which occupy 35.5% of the market (Paiz et. al., 2011, p.6). These QSRs offer dine-in, carry-out and delivery services and have been in the market longer than Chipotle (Chipotle, 2010). In addition to this they use a much broader marketing plan which includes, print, radio, and television advertisements which Chipotle does not; relying mainly on radio and billboards (â€Å"Burrito Buzz†, 2007). Chipotle actually â€Å"spends less in a year on advertising than McDonald’s Corp. spends in 48 hours† relying mainly on word of mouth (â€Å"Burrito Buzz†, 2007). Many of these substitutes have diversified their menus. While Chipotle’s menu is standard in all of their locations others in the industry now offer menu items that focus on consumer preferences. Low carbohydrates, low calorie, and low fat options are showing up more often on menus. Many also emphasize lower-cost, â€Å"value meal† menu options, which Chipotle has not yet looked at pursing (Chipotle, 2010). Power of Buyers The quick service restaurant industry has relatively high price elasticity due to the fact that fast food is not essential to customers and therefore relies heavily on the customer’s choice preferences and disposable income. Changes in customer preferences, general economic conditions, discretionary spending priorities, demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants have a moderate effect on the restaurant industry (Chipotle, 2010). One example of customer preferences being a driver in the industry is the â€Å"Whole Food-ism Movement† which has put a large focus on organic, antibiotic-free, and non-processed foods (Mansolillo, 2007). Consumers now look for healthier options when eating and an overall healthier lifestyle. Chipotle has been able to benefit from this movement by carrying on their â€Å"Food with Integrity† mission (Chipotle, 2010). Due to economic downturn the strength of the buyers’ power has increased as the industry looks to gain consumers with pricing strategies much like those of McDonald’s â€Å"Value Menu† and combination meals even though the cost of commodities have gone up (James, 2010). Customers of QSRs are looking for quality food without high costs. While Chipotle does not have a value menu or offer any type of combination meal much of their success is due to the fact that the customers are willing to pay a higher cost for higher-quality (Chipotle, 2010). Power of Suppliers: While the Chipotle’s mission is to use naturally raised, sustainable, local and organic products sets the company apart from others in the industry it also creates a larger supplier power when compared with other restaurants in the industry (Cambrian Group, 2011). The pool of suppliers that Chipotle can purchase from is much smaller and thus does not allow for Chipotle to control the prices paid for products. Due to the fact that Chipotle’s purchases are regionalized and in most instances purchased ingredient by ingredient they may experience higher costs in some areas then others. In addition the purchase approach creates the potential for food shortages from suppliers resulting from weather related issues, such as freezes in Mexico and Florida or could lead to temporary spikes in the prices of some ingredients such as tomatoes and avocados (Jennings, 2011). Power of other Stakeholders There are a number of stakeholders that can affect a company’s profitability. Most companies define who their stakeholders are they typically include customers, employees and shareholder (Enz, 2010). First and foremost government entities, communities, and special interest groups have an impact on the industry as a whole (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). The restaurant industry can be affected by changes in food safety guidelines, building codes and labor laws just to name a few. Chipotle CEO Steve Ells has also been one of the key individuals that testified to Congress in 2009 to eliminate the use of antibiotics in ranching to try to change current government ranching regulations which in turn could have large affect on the profits of Chipotle and others in the industry (Chipotle Story, n.d.). Chipotle also understands that their employees are an integral part in creating the environment and culture that the company portrays and a significant stakeholder. The image of Chipotle starts with the people. Due to the high turnover in the fast food industry Chipotle looks for ways to keep quality employees by â€Å"empowering, educating, and training to increase internal promotions, cultural sensitivity, and communication skills as well as by providing continuing English language education to all employees who request it† (People Are People Too, n.d). Chipotle has taken steps to appeal to special interest groups that focus on the humane treatment of animals, and eco-friendly processes. By doing so they have identified a niche market focused on a healthier and more organic approach to quick service food. Being one of the first to focus on such an approach has allowed them to attract a loyal following before their competition. Being one of the first companies of its kind in the fast food industry also means that in order to maintain their current customer base Chipotle must continue to find new ways to set themselves apart from copy cat companies. One of those ways is to ensure that they continue to look for ways to make a positive impact on the environment like the creation of the nation’s first Platinum LEED certified restaurant in Gurnee, IL (Sustainable Design, n.d.). Summary Chipotle has experienced early success and loyalty because of their unique approach to quick service Mexican food focused on their â€Å"Food with Integrity† mission. They have experienced rapid growth and profit even in a period of economic downfall, increases in food costs, and a competitive industry. Moreover Chipotle appeals to society’s desire for a more economically friendly business and a healthier way of living.